الأفعال الشاذة في اللغة الإنجليزية

صرّف

الأدوات: نماذج الإنجليزية الأمريكية مقارنة بالإنجليزية البريطانية الأفعال المساعدة, modals الأفعال الشاذة

Most of the English verbs are conjugated in various tenses and persons, according to regular patterns:

Simple past and past participle: infinitive+ed:
- - want wanted
- Exceptions:
  - "y" from the end of the infinitive turns into "i" if preceded by a consonant:
    - bury buried but stay stayed
  - "p" from the end of the infinitive will double:
    - stop stopped
  - verbs ending in "e" in infinitive, only add "d":
    - love loved
Present participle: infinitive+ing:
- - want wanting
- Exception: verbs ending in a vowel, preceded by a consonant, will have the last letter removed before adding "ing".
  - move moving but dye dyeing
Present, 3rd person, singular: infinitive+s
- - He calls me every day.
- Exception: "y" from the end of the infinitive turns into "i" if preceded by a consonant and we add an "es" instead of "s":
  - She applies what she learns.

All the verbs that do not follow the rules above in the conjugation of one or more tenses are called irregular verbs. There are about 200 English irregular verbs, many of them very common.

Most of the irregular verbs conjugate without following the rules in simple past and past participle.

There are irregular verbs that have the simple past identical with the past participle, both very different from the infinitive:
- sell-sold-sold
Some irregular verbs have the simple past and past participle identical with the infinitive:
- bet-bet-bet
They can change one or more letters within the root, in simple past and past participle:
- sing-sang-sung
Others drop a letter from the root in the conjugated forms for the two tenses and add or not a "t" at the end:
- meet-met-met
- feel-felt-felt
Other irregular verbs modify the base form to conjugate in simple past and add an "n" to form the past participle:
- drive-drove-driven
The past participle can also result by adding an "n" to the simple past:
- speak-spoke-spoken

Although there are many irregular verbs in English, learning a few for each type of variation will help a non-native speaker know how to conjugate most of them.

A-F G-L M-R S-Z

صيغة المصدر

ماضٍ

اسْم المَفْعولِ

abide

ماضٍ abided/abode

اسْم المَفْعولِ abided/abode

arise

ماضٍ arose

اسْم المَفْعولِ arisen

awake

ماضٍ awoke/awaked

اسْم المَفْعولِ awoken/awaked

ماضٍ was, were

اسْم المَفْعولِ been

bear

ماضٍ bore

اسْم المَفْعولِ borne

beat

ماضٍ beat

اسْم المَفْعولِ beaten

become

ماضٍ became

اسْم المَفْعولِ become

beget

ماضٍ begot/begat

اسْم المَفْعولِ begotten

begin

ماضٍ began

اسْم المَفْعولِ begun

bend

ماضٍ bent

اسْم المَفْعولِ bent

beseech

ماضٍ besought/beseeched

اسْم المَفْعولِ besought/beseeched

bet

ماضٍ bet/betted

اسْم المَفْعولِ bet/betted

bid

ماضٍ bade/bid

اسْم المَفْعولِ bidden/bid

bind

ماضٍ bound

اسْم المَفْعولِ bound

bite

ماضٍ bit

اسْم المَفْعولِ bitten

bleed

ماضٍ bled

اسْم المَفْعولِ bled

blow

ماضٍ blew

اسْم المَفْعولِ blown

break

ماضٍ broke

اسْم المَفْعولِ broken

breed

ماضٍ bred

اسْم المَفْعولِ bred

bring

ماضٍ brought

اسْم المَفْعولِ brought

build

ماضٍ built

اسْم المَفْعولِ built

burn

ماضٍ burned/burnt (Brit)

اسْم المَفْعولِ burned/burnt (Brit)

burst

ماضٍ burst

اسْم المَفْعولِ burst

buy

ماضٍ bought

اسْم المَفْعولِ bought

can

ماضٍ could

اسْم المَفْعولِ -

cast

ماضٍ cast

اسْم المَفْعولِ cast

catch

ماضٍ caught

اسْم المَفْعولِ caught

chide

ماضٍ chided/chid

اسْم المَفْعولِ chided/chidden

choose

ماضٍ chose

اسْم المَفْعولِ chosen

cleave (split)

ماضٍ cleft/clove

اسْم المَفْعولِ cleft/cloven

cling

ماضٍ clung

اسْم المَفْعولِ clung

come

ماضٍ came

اسْم المَفْعولِ come

cost

ماضٍ cost/costed

اسْم المَفْعولِ cost/costed

creep

ماضٍ crept

اسْم المَفْعولِ crept

cut

ماضٍ cut

اسْم المَفْعولِ cut

dare

ماضٍ dared/durst (arch.)

اسْم المَفْعولِ dared

deal

ماضٍ dealt

اسْم المَفْعولِ dealt

dig

ماضٍ dug

اسْم المَفْعولِ dug

dive

ماضٍ dived/dove (US)

اسْم المَفْعولِ dived

ماضٍ did

اسْم المَفْعولِ done

draw

ماضٍ drew

اسْم المَفْعولِ drawn

dream

ماضٍ dreamed/dreamt

اسْم المَفْعولِ dreamed/dreamt

drink

ماضٍ drank

اسْم المَفْعولِ drunk

drive

ماضٍ drove

اسْم المَفْعولِ driven

dwell

ماضٍ dwelt/dwelled

اسْم المَفْعولِ dwelt/dwelled

eat

ماضٍ ate

اسْم المَفْعولِ eaten

fall

ماضٍ fell

اسْم المَفْعولِ fallen

feed

ماضٍ fed

اسْم المَفْعولِ fed

feel

ماضٍ felt

اسْم المَفْعولِ felt

fight

ماضٍ fought

اسْم المَفْعولِ fought

find

ماضٍ found

اسْم المَفْعولِ found

flee

ماضٍ fled

اسْم المَفْعولِ fled

fling

ماضٍ flung

اسْم المَفْعولِ flung

fly

ماضٍ flew

اسْم المَفْعولِ flown

forbid

ماضٍ forbad(e)

اسْم المَفْعولِ forbidden

forget

ماضٍ forgot

اسْم المَفْعولِ forgotten

forsake

ماضٍ forsook

اسْم المَفْعولِ forsaken

freeze

ماضٍ froze

اسْم المَفْعولِ frozen

get

ماضٍ got

اسْم المَفْعولِ got/gotten (US)

gild

ماضٍ gilded

اسْم المَفْعولِ gilded/gilt

gird

ماضٍ girded/girt

اسْم المَفْعولِ girded/girt

give

ماضٍ gave

اسْم المَفْعولِ given

ماضٍ went

اسْم المَفْعولِ gone

grind

ماضٍ ground

اسْم المَفْعولِ ground

grow

ماضٍ grew

اسْم المَفْعولِ grown

hang

ماضٍ hung/hanged (Jur)

اسْم المَفْعولِ hung/hanged (Jur)

have

ماضٍ had

اسْم المَفْعولِ had

hear

ماضٍ heard

اسْم المَفْعولِ heard

heave

ماضٍ heaved/hove (Naut)

اسْم المَفْعولِ heaved/hove (Naut)

hew

ماضٍ hewed

اسْم المَفْعولِ hewn/hewed (US)

hide

ماضٍ hid

اسْم المَفْعولِ hidden/hid

hit

ماضٍ hit

اسْم المَفْعولِ hit

hold

ماضٍ held

اسْم المَفْعولِ held

hurt

ماضٍ hurt

اسْم المَفْعولِ hurt

keep

ماضٍ kept

اسْم المَفْعولِ kept

kneel

ماضٍ knelt/kneeled

اسْم المَفْعولِ knelt/kneeled

know

ماضٍ knew

اسْم المَفْعولِ known

lade

ماضٍ laded

اسْم المَفْعولِ laden

lay

ماضٍ laid

اسْم المَفْعولِ laid

lead

ماضٍ led

اسْم المَفْعولِ led

lean

ماضٍ leaned/leant

اسْم المَفْعولِ leaned/leant

leap

ماضٍ leaped/leapt

اسْم المَفْعولِ leaped/leapt

learn

ماضٍ learned/learnt

اسْم المَفْعولِ learned/learnt

leave

ماضٍ left

اسْم المَفْعولِ left

lend

ماضٍ lent

اسْم المَفْعولِ lent

let

ماضٍ let

اسْم المَفْعولِ let

lie (stretch, extend)

ماضٍ lay

اسْم المَفْعولِ lain

lie (speak untruthfully)

ماضٍ lied

اسْم المَفْعولِ lied

light

ماضٍ lit/lighted

اسْم المَفْعولِ lit/lighted

lose

ماضٍ lost

اسْم المَفْعولِ lost

make

ماضٍ made

اسْم المَفْعولِ made

may

ماضٍ might

اسْم المَفْعولِ -

mean

ماضٍ meant

اسْم المَفْعولِ meant

meet

ماضٍ met

اسْم المَفْعولِ met

mow

ماضٍ mowed

اسْم المَفْعولِ mowed/mown

pay

ماضٍ paid

اسْم المَفْعولِ paid

put

ماضٍ put

اسْم المَفْعولِ put

quit

ماضٍ quit/quitted

اسْم المَفْعولِ quit/quitted

read

ماضٍ read

اسْم المَفْعولِ read

rend

ماضٍ rent

اسْم المَفْعولِ rent

rid

ماضٍ rid/ridded

اسْم المَفْعولِ rid/ridded

ride

ماضٍ rode

اسْم المَفْعولِ ridden

ring

ماضٍ rang

اسْم المَفْعولِ rung

rise

ماضٍ rose

اسْم المَفْعولِ risen

run

ماضٍ ran

اسْم المَفْعولِ run

saw

ماضٍ sawed

اسْم المَفْعولِ sawed/sawn

say

ماضٍ said

اسْم المَفْعولِ said

see

ماضٍ saw

اسْم المَفْعولِ seen

seek

ماضٍ sought

اسْم المَفْعولِ sought

sell

ماضٍ sold

اسْم المَفْعولِ sold

send

ماضٍ sent

اسْم المَفْعولِ sent

set

ماضٍ set

اسْم المَفْعولِ set

sew

ماضٍ sewed

اسْم المَفْعولِ sewed/sewn

shake

ماضٍ shook

اسْم المَفْعولِ shaken

shave

ماضٍ shaved

اسْم المَفْعولِ shaved/shaven

shear

ماضٍ sheared

اسْم المَفْعولِ sheared/shorn

shed

ماضٍ shed

اسْم المَفْعولِ shed

shine (emit or reflect light)

ماضٍ shone

اسْم المَفْعولِ shone

shine (cause to emit light)

ماضٍ shone/shined

اسْم المَفْعولِ shone/shined

shoe

ماضٍ shod/shoed

اسْم المَفْعولِ shod/shoed

shoot

ماضٍ shot

اسْم المَفْعولِ shot

show

ماضٍ showed

اسْم المَفْعولِ shown/showed

shrink

ماضٍ shrank

اسْم المَفْعولِ shrunk

shut

ماضٍ shut

اسْم المَفْعولِ shut

sing

ماضٍ sang

اسْم المَفْعولِ sung

sink

ماضٍ sank

اسْم المَفْعولِ sunk

sit

ماضٍ sat

اسْم المَفْعولِ sat

slay

ماضٍ slew

اسْم المَفْعولِ slain

sleep

ماضٍ slept

اسْم المَفْعولِ slept

slide

ماضٍ slid

اسْم المَفْعولِ slid

sling

ماضٍ slung

اسْم المَفْعولِ slung

slink

ماضٍ slunk

اسْم المَفْعولِ slunk

slit

ماضٍ slit/slitted

اسْم المَفْعولِ slit/slitted

smell

ماضٍ smelled/smelt

اسْم المَفْعولِ smelled/smelt

smite

ماضٍ smote

اسْم المَفْعولِ smitten

sow

ماضٍ sowed

اسْم المَفْعولِ sowed/sown

speak

ماضٍ spoke

اسْم المَفْعولِ spoken

speed

ماضٍ sped/speeded

اسْم المَفْعولِ sped/speeded

spell

ماضٍ spelt/spelled

اسْم المَفْعولِ spelt/spelled

spend

ماضٍ spent

اسْم المَفْعولِ spent

spill

ماضٍ spilt/spilled

اسْم المَفْعولِ spilt/spilled

spin

ماضٍ spun/span

اسْم المَفْعولِ spun

spit (eject from the mouth)

ماضٍ spat

اسْم المَفْعولِ spat

split

ماضٍ split

اسْم المَفْعولِ split

spoil

ماضٍ spoiled/spoilt

اسْم المَفْعولِ spoiled/spoilt

spread

ماضٍ spread

اسْم المَفْعولِ spread

spring

ماضٍ sprang

اسْم المَفْعولِ sprung

stand

ماضٍ stood

اسْم المَفْعولِ stood

stave

ماضٍ stove/staved

اسْم المَفْعولِ stove/staved

steal

ماضٍ stole

اسْم المَفْعولِ stolen

stick

ماضٍ stuck

اسْم المَفْعولِ stuck

sting

ماضٍ stung

اسْم المَفْعولِ stung

stink

ماضٍ stank

اسْم المَفْعولِ stunk

strew

ماضٍ strewed

اسْم المَفْعولِ strewed/strewn

stride

ماضٍ strode

اسْم المَفْعولِ stridden

strike

ماضٍ struck

اسْم المَفْعولِ struck/stricken (rare)

string

ماضٍ strung

اسْم المَفْعولِ strung

strive

ماضٍ strove

اسْم المَفْعولِ striven

swear

ماضٍ swore

اسْم المَفْعولِ sworn

sweep

ماضٍ swept

اسْم المَفْعولِ swept

swell

ماضٍ swelled

اسْم المَفْعولِ swollen/swelled

swim

ماضٍ swam

اسْم المَفْعولِ swum

swing

ماضٍ swung

اسْم المَفْعولِ swung

take

ماضٍ took

اسْم المَفْعولِ taken

teach

ماضٍ taught

اسْم المَفْعولِ taught

tear

ماضٍ tore

اسْم المَفْعولِ torn

tell

ماضٍ told

اسْم المَفْعولِ told

think

ماضٍ thought

اسْم المَفْعولِ thought

thrive

ماضٍ throve/thrived

اسْم المَفْعولِ thriven/thrived

throw

ماضٍ threw

اسْم المَفْعولِ thrown

thrust

ماضٍ thrust

اسْم المَفْعولِ thrust

tread

ماضٍ trod

اسْم المَفْعولِ trodden

wake

ماضٍ woke/waked

اسْم المَفْعولِ woken/waked

wear

ماضٍ wore

اسْم المَفْعولِ worn

weave

ماضٍ wove/weaved

اسْم المَفْعولِ woven/weaved

weep

ماضٍ wept

اسْم المَفْعولِ wept

win

ماضٍ won

اسْم المَفْعولِ won

wind

ماضٍ winded/wound

اسْم المَفْعولِ winded/wound

wring

ماضٍ wrung

اسْم المَفْعولِ wrung

write

ماضٍ wrote

اسْم المَفْعولِ written